Carbureter for internal-combustion motors.



G. W. DONNING. CARBURETER FOR lNTERNAL coMBusTloN MOTORS..

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I3. I9I6.

Patented Oct. 16, 1917.A

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

G. W. DONNING.

CARBURETER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS.-

APPLICATION FILED 1UNE13.I916.

Patented 0016. 16, 1917.

lll

ant savin CBUBJETEE CORPORATON, OIF ESOP'US, NEW

NEW YRK.

YORK, A CRPRATEGN F .y

CRBUBETER FOR NTERNAL-CMBUSTION ll/IOTGRS.

Specification of Letters Eatent.

lPatented @etl liti, igt?,

Application led June 13, i916. Serial No. 103,530.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE W. Donnino, a citizen of the United States, residing at Stamford in the county of Fairfield and State of onnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters for internal-Combustion Motors, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein tothe accompanyine drawings.

llhis invention relates broadly to carbureters and more especially to means for increasin the efficiency thereof, with resultof fuel.

The pr1inary object of the invention is greatly to simplify the construction of a carburetor by eliminating certain adjustable devices and instrumentalities that are usually employed, and, at the saine time, to increase its edectiveness and durability; the devices and instrumentalit'ies which l employ being of peculiar construction and effectively correlated to each other; there being also included in the structure means for edlecting a heating of the air and fuel utilized to produce a gaseous mixture Another object of the invention is to provide efficient means, having a certainty of v operation, for predeterminately controlling `Sil the proportions and temperature of the air and fuel introduced. into the carburetor, whereby they are made to accord with the varying positions of the carburetor throttle.,

Another objiect is to provide'for automati cally' operating the alr controlling device within certain and known limits, so that as i Athe de 'ree of suction of the motor drops, the

contro ling device will naturally assume a new position irrespective of the adjustment of the carburetor throttle, with resultant reduction of the How of fuel and air into the carburetor, and materially reducing the lilre-l lihocd of flooding the carburetor; the air controlling device being so related to the carburetor throttle that it can be operated thereby, and the fuel controlling dei/ice being so connected to the air controlling de- 'vice that it, in turn, may be operated in con? junction therewith. i

Still another obgeet of the invention ie so to relate the fuel controlling device to the air controlling device and carbureter-throttle that the fuel controlling device ma be adjusted to a nicety thatwill ineet al required working conditions and to accord With varying grades of fuel, and also being adapted for permanent adjustment where required. l

Another object is to provide a plurality of air heating devices, Vone of which is automatically brought into operation when the motor is operating at high' speed and the suction developed thereby is, in consequence, materially increased, another ofthe heating devices operating efficiently, when the speed of the motor drops,` with resultant loweringI in the suction created thereby, to `edect the required heating; these heating devices providing means for tempering the .air introduced into the carburetor to produce the ref quired gaseous mixture. v

' Still another object of the invention is provide a therrnostatically operated device, preferably located Within the heating zone of the motor, and influenced by the contents thereof and adapted to govern certain teinperature-controlling devices of the carbutrolled automatically and efficiently to accordvvith the varying temperature conditions of the motor; `that is 'to say, when the motor is cold, or comparatively so, the heating of `the uids passing into the carburetor is pro portionately increased, whereas, when the motor is hot, or comparatively so, the heat= ing of said uids is proportionately re ducedg, in consequence of which ideal condi tions are not only created but maintained results) is from an operative standpoint,v

effectualn at all times, and, functions with little if any regulating after once being adjusted.

Other objects and advantages of the `1n vention will be more or less apparent from the annexed drawings, but will be made entirely clear in the following specicatlon.

In order that the invention may be more readily comprehended, drawings are'hereto annexed to illustrate a preferred embodi-` ment thereof; it bein understood, however, that the sameis capa le of a wlde range of modification and equivalency and is sus- --ceptible of utilization different from that herein revealed.

In these drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary view in sectional elevation of an automobile structure including a motor, a radiator and connections between the same and the motor, a carbureter and connections between the same and the motor, luid-heating and controlling devices, an inclosing hood, etc.,I all constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a view, in section, on an enlarged scale, vof a, thermostatic device forming a part of the structure;

Fig. 3 is a view, mostly in central vertical longitudinal section, of the structure;

Fig. 4 is a detached view of one of the heating devices shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a view in sectional elevation of a modification.

Referring to these drawings, the reference-numeral 1 designates a hood of an automobile, at one end of which is, in thisinstance, disposed a radiator 2, forming a part of a water-cooling system which lncludes connections 3 and 4, respectively, attached to an internal combustion motor 5.

Juxtaposed to the motor and operatively connected thereto, as by an intake manifold 6, is a carbureter 7. Extending from the motor is an exhaust-manifold 8 having an extension 9 leading to a mufier (not shown).

Connecting with the carbureter is an airconduit 10, of any suitable construction, material and dimensions; the function of this conduit being to convey to the carbureter .air which is to combine with fuel in the carbureter to form a gaseous mixture for introduction into the motor.

For the best results, generally, it is de`1 Metepec sirable to introduce into the carbureter air which has been preheated; and, therefore,

I 'provide means for that purpose. These include a primary heating device 11, provided with apertures 12 and preferably disposed at the end of the conduit 10 and at a point considerably removed `from the motor. Extending through the heatmg device 11 and radiating heat 4thereinto, is the extension 9 ofthe exhaust-manifold. Itis to be understood that air from the atmosphere is drawn-as by the suction developed through the carbureter by the motor-mto the heater 11 through the. apertures 12 and 'is heated therein preparatory to passing through the conduit 10 into the carbureter.,

y To augment the heating of air by the prilmary heater 11, I preferably provide a secondary heating-device provided with apertures 14 and connecting, w1th the conduit 10, at 15, by a duct 16. The secondary heater is disposed in proximity to the motor p so as to receive the highest degree of heat from the motor-exhaust; and, to thisend,`

it isiherein shown as disposed about the ex'- haust-manifold 8. This secondary heater i's dependent for effective action on a higher degree 'of suction-actionthrough the carbureter than the primary heater, due to its elevated position; or, as in this instance, there is provided a suction-operated, sprlng pressed valve 17 which controls a port 18` in the conduit.

The conduit is provided with a plurality of ports, including the port 18; there being, in this instance, two other ports 19 and 20 which are controlled by valves 21 and 22, respectively, operated by mechanism now loo to be described. Each of these valves is hinged to the 4conduit and connected by links 23, 24 and 25 to an actuating-armv 26, which in turn is connected to the end of a thermostatic-lever 27 fulcrumed at 28 and connected to the stem -29 of. a thermostatic device 30 which, in this instance, is formed as a part of the extension 4 of the water cooling system and being, thus, associated j with the motor 5 and influenced by its temperature, acts under the influence of varying conditions thereof.

y Connecting with the mechanism is an actuating-rod 31 adapted to operate a hood-ventilator 32.

Operatively connected to this ventilator, in this instance, is an arm 33 to which an link 23 xof thel valve-v indicator-actuating rod 34 is pivoted, and

to the latter is pivoted a pointer 35 adapted to move over an index-plate 36 mounted on any stationary part of the structure.

Operation: Assuming that the motor is at rest and cold and that the water of cooling system is also cold', the following explanation Willmake clear the operation of `my improved structure: In this-condin tion, the thermostat 30vwill be in its con- 13o naeaeae tracted position, as shown in Fig.v 2; the valves 2l and 22` of the conduit will be closed, and, likewise, the ventilator 32 in the hood; and the indicator-pointer 35 will register this condition on the plate 36. The closed position of the valves 2l and 22 will leave the conduit 10 open to receive heated air from the primary heater 11 as soon as the motor is started at low speed. As soon, however, as the motor has been accelerated, the suction-action developed thereby through the carburetor increases the suction-action through they conduit 10 and, as soon as it is suciently great, it will open the valvefl' of port 18 and admit heated air of higher temperature from the secondary heater-l3 into the conduitllt isdesirableto supplement the primary heater inthis way because, when the suction` through the conduit 10 has increased, it will draw the air throu h the primary heater too rapidy to be su cienty heated. The coperation of the two heaters, however, creates and' maintains a uniform tempering of the air to a predetermined degree, as fixed by the thermostat. The tempered air passes through the conduit 10v into a. mixing-chamber 37 in the carburetor and wherein it combines with fuel introduced thereinto ,through a fuel-nozzle 38 mounted in the carbureter 7, which latter is of novel construction and constitutes the subjectmatterof another application led b me on the 28th day of November, 1916, erial No. 133,898.

VlThen the conditions 'of the motor result in the cooling-iuidrising to a certain temperature, predetermined, the thermostat 30` of this valve and cuts oi' flow of heated air from the heaters, and permits the escape through the port 19 of any heated air that may then be in that portion of the conduit. As soon as the suction-action through the conduit is .suihciently reduced, the valve 17 will automatically close the port 18. Simultaneously with the closing of the valve 21,

. the valve 22 is opened to admit air through the port 20 from the atmosphere into the carburetor; hence the gaseous mixture will then be of a lower temperature and, 1n this condition, is introduced into the motor.

While the motor is operating with the der scribed conditions prevailing, these valves will remain open. As soon, however, as the conditions ofthe motor change and the` temperature of the cooling-fluid drops, the valves (under the action of the thermostat.) are closed automatically and remain so until the suction-action through the carburetor and conduit 10-due to the higher speed of the motor-again eects action of the secondary heater suciently to reestablish the aforementioned, again opened. lnv other Words, whenthe motor is cold, a gaseous mixture of relatively high temperature is introduced into the motor; and, When the motor itself becomes sufficiently warmed, the gaseous mixture introduced thereinto is of a lower temperature due to the action of the heaters and other devices already described. Thus, the eciency of the' motor is maintained at its highest point, practically from the start. By these means, the motor and carburetor are so correlated that the conditions of the motor control the Working, in part, of the carbureter, and, thus, control the temperature of the gaseous mixture (produced in the carburetor) preparatory to its` introduction into the motor. Y

In some instances, Where the motor is housed within a hood-as in automobilesit is desirable to ventilato the hood to admit cool air thereinto and permit escape therefrom of hot air. In my construction, as herein exemplified, this may be accomplished in conjunction with the operation of the conduit-valves 2l and 22; and this is eected through the opening of the ventilator 32 by the connecting-rod 31, as already described.

In Fig. 5, l have shown a modified form 4 of construction, the modification residing in the fact that the thermostatic device 30, in lieu of being located in the cooling system, aforementioned, is disposed so as to beinfiuenced by the contents of the hood as developed lby the motor and which, thus, is the active means for inuencing the thermostatic device. In this instance, the device is attached to or suspended from the hood or other part, above or adjacent to the motor. The adjunctive parts operated thereby may be the same as those described with reference toythe'preferred embodiment.

It is to be understood that-various kinds and grades of fuelfmay edectively be employed in conjunction with my structure,.in cluding kerosene and the like, the high heatA required for kerosene, for instance, being readily provided by the coperation ofthe heating devicesaforementioned to facilitate vaporization in the carbureter.

.From the foregoing, it will be perceivedy that I `have succeeded in devising a struc- 4ture which is well adapted to achieve the mit going description and shown in the -accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as c illustrative, and that the language emcondition thereof for controlling the oper-l ationof at least one of the said heating .devices. y

2. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, anda plurality of heating devices connected t'o the carbureter for heating a fluid passing thereinto and independently operated by the varying suction action developed by the motor through the carbureter.

3. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, and a plurality of heating devices, operatively connected to the carbureter, the operation of one of the heating devices being controlled by the normal suction developed by the motor through the carbureter, the operation of another of said heating devices being controlled by a change in the degree of the suction through the carbureter.

4. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, a plurality of heating devices connected to thecarbureter for heating a fluid passing thereinto and independently operated by the varying suction action developed by the motor .through the carbureter, and means juxtaposed' to the motor and influenced by the condition thereof for controlling the operation of at least one of said heating devices.

5. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, a'plurality of heating devices connected to the carbureter for heating a Huid passing thereinto and independently operated by the varying suction action developed Y by the motor through the carbureter, and thermostatic means jf'taposed to the motor and influenced by the'condition thereof for controlling the operation of at least one of said heating devices.

6. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, a plurality ofheating devices operatively connected to the carbureter, at least one of which heating devices, is dependent for action upon a relatively high degree of suction developed by the motor through the carbureter, means connected to the carbu reter for controlling the operation of they.

reter for controlling the operation. of the heating devices, and thermostatic means juxtaposed to the motor and influenced by the condition thereof for controlling the operation of said controlling means.

8.- The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected thereto, a pluralityof heating devices operatively connected to the carbureter for heating a iuid passing thereinto, the operation of at least one of the heating devices being y effected by a change in the degree of suction developed by the motor through the carbureter, and means juxtaposed to the motor and influenced by the condition thereof for making said heating device inactive.

9. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of -a carbureter 'connected thereto, and a plurality of heating devicesoperatively connected to the carbureter, and one of whichis farther removed 4from the motor than another thereof, the operation of both of the heating devices being dependent upon the suction developed by the motor through the carbureter, Iand the operation of at least'one of which heating devices is effected by a change in the degree of said suction.

10. 'The combination with an internal combustion motor having an exhaust, a carbureter connected with the motor, and a plurality of heating devices operatively connected to the exhaust and deriving heat therefrom, one of the heating devices being disposed more remotely from the motor than another thereof, and at least one of these 'heating devices beingrendered active by a change in the degree of suction action developed through the carbureter by the motor.

11. The combination with an internal combustion motor having an exhaust, a carbureter connected with the motor, a plurality of heating devices operatively connected to the exhaust andderiving heat therefrom, one of the heating devices being disposed more remotely from rthe motor than another thereof, and at least one of thescheating devices being rendered active by a change in the degree of the suction acamaca@ combustion motor having an exhaust, a car# bureter connected with the motor, and a plurality of heating devicesoperatively connected to the exhaust and deriving heat therefrom` onebf the heating devices being v disposed more remotely from the motor than another thereof, and at least one of these heating devices being rendered active by a change in the degree of the suction action developed through'tthecarbureter by the motor, and means juxtaposed to one of said instrumentalitiesand influenced by the temperature thereof for rendering at least one of said heating devices inactive.

13. The combination with an internal combustion motor having an exhaust, a car- 4bureter connected with the motor, and a plurality of heating devices operatively connected to the exhaust and deriving heat therefrom, one of the heating devices being disposed more remotely from the motor than another thereof, and at least one of thse heating devices being rendered active by' a change in the degree of the suction action developed through the carbureter by the motor, and thermostatic means juxtaposed to onel of said instrumentalities and infinenced by the temperature thereof for rendering at least one of said heating devices inactive.

14. The combination' with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter, a :duid heater connected therewith, fluid-controlling mechanism interposed between the carbureter and theheater for controlling the operation of the latter, and automatic means disposed outside of and independent of the carbureter `for actuating said controlling mechanism and induenced by the temperature of the motor.

15. rlhe combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a duid heater connected with the carbureter, valve mechanism interposed between the carbureter and the heater, and automatic means disposed outside of and independent of the carbureter and influenced by the temperature of the motor for operating said valve mechanism.

16. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a fluid heater connected with the carbureter, 'Huid-controlling mechanism' interposed between Vthe carbureter and the heater, automatic means disposed outside of and inde endent of the carbureter and influenced. y the temperature of the motor for operatin said controlling mechanism, and means mterposed between the heater and the oarbureter for introducing a duid into the carbureter of a lower temperature than that passing from the .heater to the carburetor.v

17. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a fluid heater connected with the carbureter and maintained active by a suction action developed through the carbureter by the motor, Huid-controlling mechanism in terposed between the carbureter and hea-ter, automatic means disposed outside of and independent of the carbureter and infiuenced by the temperature of the'motor for actuating said controlling mechanism, and means for introducing into the carbureter a iuid of lower temperature than that from the Huid heater whereby said suction action is changed.

18. The combination with an internal combustion motor having an exhaust, a carbureter connected therewith, a plurality of fluid heaters communicating withy the eX- haust, a conduit connected to the carbureterand common to the heaters, duid-.controlling mechanism co-acting with the uid heaters for controlling the passage therefrom of a heated duid, the operation of said controlling mechanism being effected by a variation in the degree of a suction action developed by the motor through the carbureter, automatic means inuenced by the temperature of the motor for actuating said controlling mechanism, andmeans for introducing into the conduit at a point between the heaters and the carbureter a duid ofa lower temperature thanthat conveyed from the Huid heatersto the carbureter whereby said suction action is automatically changed.

19. lThe combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a fluid heater associated with the carbureter, an air conduit connecting the heater and the carbureter/and normally in communication with 'the heater for the' free passage of a heated eiuid from the heater into the conduit, a second heater associated with the conduit, and means for controlling the passage of a heated iiuid from the second heater into the air conduit. l

20. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a plurality of fluid heaters, a conduit connecting the heaters and the carhureter, an exhaust connection between -the motor and the heaters and independent of the conduits, a valve mechanism for indeendently controlling the flow of a heated uid from the heaters, and automatic means influenced by the temperature of the motor for actuating said valve mechanism.

21. rlhe combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected combustion motor, a carbureter connected i bureter and provided with a plurality of ports, an exhaust connection between the motor and the heaters and independent of the conduit, valves for controlling the flow of a heated fluid into the conduit from the combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a plurality of fluid heaters, a conduit connectlng the heaters and the carbureter and provided with a plurality of ports, valves for controlling the flow of a fluidl through said ports, at least one of which valves is operated by a suction action developed through the carbureter by the m0- tor, and means associated with the motor and influenced by the temperature thereof for automatically operating at least one of' said valves. n

23. The lcombination with an internal therewith, a motor cooling system associated with the motor, a fluid heater connected to the carbureter, means influenced by a suction action developed through the carbureter by the motor for controllingthe flow of the Huid .into the carbureter, andv automatic means operatively associated with the cooling system and influenced by the temperature thereof for actuating said controlling mechanism.

24. rEhe combination with an internal combustion' ,motor, a carbureter connected therewith, a motor cooling system associated with the motor, a fiuid heater connected .to the carbureter, means for controlling the iiow of fluid into the carbureter, and automatic means operatively associated withl the cooling system and iniuenced by the temperature., thereof for actuating said controlling mechanism. l

25. The combination with an internal combustion motor, of a carbureter connected therewith, a Huid heater associated with the carbureter, an air conduit connecting the' Iheater and the carbureter and normally in communication'with the heater for the free passagle of a heatedv fluid from the heater into t e conduit, a second heater associated with the conduit, means for controlling the passage of 'a heated fluid from the second heater into the ai`1` conduit, and operable by a suction action developed through the carintense bureter by ,the motor for releasing into the lconduit an additional volume of heated fluid.

26. A carbureter-struc'ture including a ca rbureter-chamber, means y for introducing air and fuel thereinto, means for changing the temperature of the air passing into the chamber, a motor-cooling system associated with the carbureter-chamber, and means iniuenced by the temperature of the Huid in the system for controlling the action of said temperature-changing means.

27. A carbureter-st-ructure including a' carbureter-chamber, means for introducing` au* and fuel therelnto, Ameans for changing the temperature of the air passing into the chamber comprising an air-heating device provided with ports, and valve-mechanism for controlling the same, a motor-cooling system associated with the carbureter-chamber, and means influenced .by the temperature of the fluid in the system for controlling vthe action of said temperature-changing thereto, a throttle for controlling the outflow of gaseous mixture from the mixingchamber, a valve in the fuel-nozzle connected to the throttle and operable thereby, an air-conduit connected to the car- .bureter and provided with ports, valvemechanism for controlling said ports, a cooling-system associated with v said carbureter, a thermostatic-device associated with said cooling-system, a connection between said thermostatic-device. and said valve-mechanism, and a heatin -box associated with said air-conduit 4for lntroducing heated air thereinto. In testimony whereot I ax my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE W. DONNING.k Witnesses:

A. D. MEAD,

P. E. CANTRELL.

nogv

Ima 

